Monday, September 19, 2016

Marrisa Mayer



Sampson Onwuka




Decision making is one of the chief demands for a CEO of any company an in any industry, especially for Marrisa Mayer who is at the center of the new transformation at Yahoo. The details of the change of operation are gradually unfolding, but the shock of the news invokes the history of Yahoo as a carrier for information at a time when Google did not exist.  The legacies of Yahoo is a remedying exercise on how a company will perpetually perform to continue to sharpen competitive edge, and the story will relapse perhaps into the CEO at the center of transition. How to measure the performance of Mayer is a faulted argument riven between her stay at over-priced Google and the laminated involvement at Alibaba where Yahoo nose drive the back-up pay to shareholders. Some of us directly involved with Alibaba from its ancient beginning and with China Shipping may be bold to have mentioned that there was capacity in these companies, less bold to indict Mayer as an effective prairie in the Industry under who diction Yahoo bay a demise. With new proposed name Altaba for Yahoo, there are several ingredients in the motive.  


Would she have failed to see the grudging end of Yahoo – that is assuming this is the case - was she a factor in the demise of the once growing flowering search engine? Perhaps the complication with Yahoo is failure to emphasize the purpose and mission of the giant, or more to the point, the general public may or may not have wondered why after many years the company remained the same and how – if not why the public may or may not have lost view of what Yahoo Inc., converge into. The pillars that once held the company collapse into the future of a tech giant, and for the best of the team, the gaps between the more demanding realities of public and the off-real technology did not narrow. Enough cannot be was stated about the incompetence of the driver-force between Yahoo as a company and the speed of tech industry where names rise by the day and names fall at dusk.


If Yahoo remained at the top for many years, especially under Jerry Yang and David Filo – both nearly ran it to the ground, it was for its competitive ability and it faulted in Mayer, Marissa need broker to the public.     


If Yahoo takes a dive from the old curve to a new Altaba, the decision did not easily arrive and many of the more competent hands in YAHOO may have weighed the profits against the odds. In short, the ability to maintain to remain a leader in any tech industry and information carrier without adapting to change is sometimes a losing positive. There is nowhere to confirm that this always the case, but for a big company like Yahoo to thaw and re-do as Altaba, there is interesting reasons which the public may or may not need to know.

Buhari's 2016 Economic Recession

By

Sampson I. Onwuka

Nigerian economy is in recession and the President, Mohammed Buhari has called a summit on the economy. The government seeks to raise 120 billion naira from local markets to pacify the short term challenge of Nigerian economy. Short falls in crude oil price seems to have hit most oil-producing nations of the world hard. As such the 2016 economic recession of Nigeria is not peculiar, it is part of global markets trends that welcomes the poise of U.S economy to raise rates. Nigerian economic recession is a cultural concern, especially the role Buhari is playing. It is research expectation of the general public to compare Buhari's economic polices in 1983 through 1985 to the recent policies in 2015 and 2016, which will show deep cuts in budgetary provision. It will also show what he did when there is extra crude revenue under President Shehu Shagari and by long stretch, an essay by Professor Charles Soludo matter. This is not the case with the current recession in 2016.

The idea behind Government spending during periods of low ball movement and cash-flow is to jolt the market in such a way that repos and third parties can assume a position that will increase participation. The obstruction to this kind of practice is usually austerity measures and minimum government spending profound for maintaining strict budgets and fiscal planning, with the purview that a balanced budget will improve Nigerian buying power since cutting down deficit will make the budget responsible. The history of this kind of action without 'fundamental' changes in the work sector is entrenching the prolix of big companies. In Nigeria, these mainly banks whose fore-ground role in the economy is showing a permanent dependence on Nigerian one crop product, The way around this kind of thing is to expand the government through its fiscal budget and planning. That is an increase in Budget for 2017 can be borrowed forward for 2016 by raising the money locally or through the banks as they are seeking to do.

The central crux of budget expansion is tied to the appreciation of revenue, that is an appreciation of National Gross Domestic Product. For if this is not the case, the country may be struggling to plunk the holes of its new debt ceiling for a few years, and if this is the case, it may be said that Nigeria is living above its means and will therefore an economic ‘crisis’ if borrows more than it can afford. Yet the country has to raise more money - much more if crude oil price still remain this low.A recession is not defined by government cut backs or by introduction of austerity measures which are meant to helm too much economic waste. Recession defer from one major region of the world to another, differ from the circumstances surrounding certain economies of the world, differ from nation to another - from era to another - but seem to have similarity characteristic and symptom; it is mostly a matter of liquidity and investor confidence and perhaps price movement and not necessarily stagflation. It is imperative that when any economy in the world show signs of slow-go lasting for more than 3 months, that the leaders of the economy and government would have to response forcefully to forestall further decline in such economy. A further decline of recession ridden economy is depression, and historically, many things can go wrong when a country is depression. It is worthy to mention quickly that one of the most polar tugs of depression is the general lack or decline of international salable rates.

The Nigerian economic recession did not arise from lack of spending, or attitude to spend, it did not arise from stringent budgetary policies under Buhari - which are over-stated given the current deficit with most West African States -, and it did not arise from low crude oil prices. These are the hallmarks of Buhari's economic policies, and are contributing factors to the recession, they are hardly ever the central issue forcing the slow-go movement. The major problem is lack of leads in Nigerian economy with its markets dominated by 80% of Bank stocks. For here and perhaps elsewhere, there is a concern that need to matched to the current situation, that if the nations plans to raise 120 billion naira from local institutions, it is best perhaps to regard such effort as a cash call from the Banks. The second issue is the administrative poverty of Federal Service jobs - not just Service Jobs at federal level but lack of service and utility based jobs at very local government levels when the problem is felt the most.

We shall begin by generally speaking on recession, that for over half a century, the ideal solution to recession is increasing the quantity of money to the banks, that is, the Central Banks or Federal Reserve in terms like this will likely assume a central role in financial health and stability of its institutions by injecting more money to the banks. A stable bank increases investor confidence, a spooked investor confidence is usually the result of zero leads in any economy or the consequence of slow to zero flow/momentum in its market which is what Nigeria under President Mohammadu Buhari is suffering from. This will mean expansion of his government and in this case, expansion is advised through its fiscal budget with emphasis on local government communities, a defensive economic policies while expanding than expansion through defense stocks.

But for Nigerian economy which has been in depression for almost twenty years, this recession is partly based on liquidity of cash but not necessarily a matter of spending or aggregate demand. As such we are not dealing with consumption at all, for that, the expansion of government through spending or through creation of new money which is what the Government is looking to do is not the solution the president is looking for and possibly an academic exercise. He will be looking to raise more money from Banks or private institutions between this year and next if he toeing this line of solution and part of the money is what we hope an increase in crude oil prices can do for the economy.

A bank can create money out of nothing by providing a loan – either to individuals or in this case – to the country at large, but its performance in a recession ridden depressed economy such as Nigeria is hardly a reflection of the country’s GDP and banks fractional demands or reserve ratio may not retain the cash-flow requirement to keep up it's operation. For that the 120 billion Naira if it can be raised is a draw-down that is not central to the deep challenges of the 2016 Nigerian economic recession and the end result is a failure of the longer term solution. The challenge falls on the Nigerian banks who may be experiencing their issues of liquidity and to a practiced eye, there is an economic remedy of housing numbers and affordable housing for struggling millions of Nigerians experiencing sprawling demographic.

Core housing numbers hardly make effective CPI index, hardly add to the nation's overall GDP - at least for 2016 - but represents a frontier that can remedy some job situation while at the same time providing a cushion for the problems of inter-bank lending and rates between banks, which may or may not encourage investment. Above all, banks do not take orders from the government since they are in the business to make money, as such investment in housing as a temporary economic relief is not the politics of labor but the pragmatics of housing the most available in economic hit state such as Lagos and Abuja. In this regard, we can argue that the deregulation of service jobs is important, that the creation and resurrection of pension funds for Nigerians over 80 years is vital. If there are no social programs such as Welfare and Social Security, the recession is warning to possible crisis. In all, the combination of of private sector and government sector under Buhari is not a misplaced strategy and therefore a conventional monetary and economic policy.

There are few ways that the banks can raise money – at least five (1) New deposits (C.D.O) (2) Profits from Forex – that is currency “invariable to value” (3) through the ‘sell’ of additional “stock to investors” (4) through borrowing from the Central Banks or the FEDs or CBN from Treasury (5) through IRA accounts and the other is what happens when there is a movement from checking to savings and savings to checking. The 120 Billion will not represent a national creation of money from loans, for at least we can see that the problem of distribution is apparently lack of permanent money in the country and the condition for economic failure is endemic. Secondly, an increase in Government spending – for instance on houses hardly reflect the gap between the institution, the public and the Central Bank and for that the quantity of money is not a possible motivation or a pause of the receding market, it will not alter the cascading of the nation's provision that it is at least 20 years in the making. What emphasis in housing can however do is motivate scarce use of time for profit and labor employment on short term, and long term, it persuades the exercise of house and home management - that is, with new houses and new homes comes the necessity to buy furniture for the house and other amenities which we need. With such effort, consumption is improved and markets can recover its momentum.

One other remedy is perhaps through acquisition of debt which can be transferred from government spending to investment, or debt to investment by charting new frontiers for the government – that is new production possibility frontier (PPF) can replace budgetary requirement forcing the money into frontiers that generate income – at least on paper. One of such will be a crude oil frontier, an increase in quota ay require building new refineries and threading new markets, may however serve as an exercise that might necessarily jolt the market in a perceived direction.

 In essence Nigeria has no real leads its total economy, no transition of its local markets has taken place and the economy is continues shedding because it is cornered by the bigger companies. A tough stress to strain balance is how Nigeria local market can accommodate the rate of foreign direct investment. It is not strange that the top new companies in Nigeria are new and foreign, that the applicable market rate is closer to the international market to which Nigeria with cheap and lousy monetary policies has no exit strategy. In essence there is inflation in Nigeria that is finally hitting home after years of lurching in the dark under the grappling force of China markets. Chinese export banter and latterly – Vietnam is the reaching reason why Nigeria like many African countries has not felt the full brunt of their toxic and bad economic policy. But with China over-stressed and experiencing reduction in production, the outcomes are felt all-over the country.

The other way that Nigeria has escaped the liquidity problems they are having is through government spending. Under President Goodluck Jonathan, there was spare capacity from crude-oil which he used to shuffle the demands of a struggling country but perhaps the not best kept secret. Yet in terms like this, we see how much Nigerian economy is a satellite to U.S market, for crude oil prices have not been this low in U.S – who is pushing its alternative to energy - leaving many oil rich economies of the world struggling to make ends meet. And those like Nigeria without effective study of its market and without game plan during times of plenty, was destined to be a currency waste basket. Nigeria should not be a satellite for U.S or U.K for that matter, for in these countries, the seeds of that nations are mainly worker class and have no real genuine contention for national treasury. Nigeria has no penetration in West Africa let alone Africa, has no presence in U.S and U.K other than ferried and missing accounts. It cannot survive on its own with salable interest parity with countries such as South Africa, or Ghana for argument sake. The country is expanding beyond it's means and President Buhari is not unaware of it.  

Wednesday, January 13, 2016

A Stock and a Real Estate


By

Sampson Onwuka 


Joseph Stiglitz, defends his theory that, “A new global political and economic order is emerging, the result of new economic realities. We cannot change these economic realities. But if we respond to them in the wrong way, we risk a backlash that will result in either a dysfunctional global system or a global order that is distinctly not what we would have wanted.” We have to propose that using John S. Gregory categorical arguments, ‘The West and China since 1500’ @ 2003, Marco Polo ----India in 1498, China in 1520, Macao by 1557, one of the most memorable > Yong Luo (emperor) and China sailing but ……

(1) How a culture really is, the people, these culture, the language and the how they lived – these combined to give aggregate of their culture and of their depth understanding----,

(2) These entire combine does not equal to inflation, “Between 1405 and 1433 seven government-sponsored larges Chinese fleets sailed through the island-studded waters of South East Asia to such ports as Calicut and Cochin in Southern India, ports already well known to Chinese traders, and several times they sailed further on to Hormuz at the mouth of the Persian Gulf, to Aden at the mouth of the Red Sea, and to Mogadishu on the north east African Coast.

A giraffe was among the local specialties shipped back to China, and on the last of the voyages several Chinese reached Mecca, presumably as pilgrims since the Commander of most of these fleets was a Muslim, Zheng He (Cheng Ho). The fleets consisted of 60 or more vessels, many of them of a size (Over 2000 tons, 120 meters in length and 50 in bear) which would have dwarfed …” 

So how did the Dutch manage to transfer their position in China from settlers to other groups of people in the world, and how did a superior culture who were self-interested and protected succumb to these ragtag visitors such as the Dutch, the English who came much later, the French and the Portuguese and who settled in Canton.

 Perhaps the experience was the incident of Canton which was weak at the South of China but allowed the visitors to introduce articles that proved easy for the company and later not so easy.  There was also the issue of Manchu Dynasty whose influence in the South was not sufficient and sufficed with ambassadors from (1666 – 1670) (1678 – 1687) and for reasons which are gradually obvious and Opium Trade in Canton in 1839 suggested that there was such a place like East India Company.  

Apparently Professor Stigltz major concern is extent that government market polices affect international affect the global world, and to what extent that the new powers who production discipline define the future of global economy and how.

The idea in this sort of reaction is to throw light on a dissent about the future of world markets but on the dissent which falls in right place, the academic assessment of saving glut and the production challenge makes the ready the comparative reason between savings as a form of investment and the employment or labor driven psychology of factor production, especially as they move from one form of economic government to another.

 A China story is a history of its struggles and courage, it is Chinese story from beginning to the end since they have often inveighed against excessive International interference going back to the earliest Hans, Romans, Syrians, Jesuits, Indians, Cambodia and were more than once invaded by Tibetans, transforming China into formidable powerhouse that reached several eponyms during Kublai Khan.
Of course the waters divide between Sino-Chinese regional blanket and Cathay Pacific. 

If we isolate the history of China at his period, we would have seen how difficult it is to appreciate that Cathay was the holy grail of Medieval Europe and Christopher Columbus, that Cathay was ultimately China.  It is a not a small story it is China Story concerning their survival. China Story is also about the world that exists in spite of Kuomintang outrage that foreigners have always bedeviled China, that China was better off without foreigners.

A good narrating of the so called ‘glut’ either in labor employment in China preceding the coming of Europe and the United States gives us an impression that the savings culture explicate on the device and there is no need to press new idea in the terms of the old about China. 

The failures of Communist economies to close ‘Vega’ adjusted gaps between the Stock and Bonds as driven by the market direction and procured by the leadership factor of the first and future market, is not without doubt the reasons for the general collapse achieved in the first place that brought down the Communist Russia in the 1990’s, a generation that was not prepared for the pressures were unleashed to the challenges of a New Standards.

“Since investment is the backbone of productivity, the productivity gain in the United States is much smaller than in Germany and Japan.” “Huge federal deficits and debt kept the interest rates higher in the United States than in Germany and Japan. As a result, American companies were at a disadvantage in borrowing for investment vis-à-vis their competitors.” (1) Manufacturing (2) construction (3) retail….

Russia then and now has little operational room for growth. It was never a leader in the world economy; it was a reactionary economy entirely dependent on a structure that existed with or without purpose in Europe and its world expansionary balance sheet affected the US.

It is also a matter of consideration that Russia is a paradox that is mastered, explaining the fatigue of isolation and mono-genetic attitude to political economy and survival, that it was challenged by management procedures or resource allocation given its size of natural endowment. 

These endowments were exploited to basis no longer the matter in world markets and its academic disciplines. In recent markets of the world, the question that refuses to be answered is the erroneous challenges of an organized society, which more than faced world indictment of conquerors and leaders.

If Siberia in the latter years of the Bolshevik wars and the Russian revolution and if the Russian revolution disabled the power of the standing armies, it was the WWII and Russia’s reaction that is considered the most important issue by the end of 1950.

 Involved with local integration policies and attempt to solemnize the petit quarrels between the kingdoms going far back as Peter the Great and Ivan the Terrible, it mattered that the impact of Karl Marx in reducing the impact of European lead globalization and economic growth, Russia preceding Lenin and after Lenin - which is not the same as the Stalin years – resolved its own differences and that is the most important device of all to the land was the veneration of utility based industries as well the political union and franchise.

Of course the stories about the political economy in the United States or any economy in the world, and the influence from outside is how these economic theories move from a period of effective instability within a gini of 1% which as we argued is not always similar to 1 caliber or is it expected to be, but show considerable shifts in value as more information reach the market, then we can measure how well any market in the world is doing through its ability to stabilize between its highs and lows.  

Under all circumstance of economic meaning and pointless, the tendency to  is accustomed to its own devices it led nowhere but downwards like old company without external challenges. If Eastern Europe from the inks of say of Bernanke’s student at Princeton support that prices are affected by the national disasters, that the real price and value of any market and economy, the host market lack the stress and strain to adjust to the external pressures or open competition. 

The movement of Government owned companies to privatization as scheme perpetuated by the IMF running against the challenges of Europe in post Marshall Plan of the 50’s, there are hints that the involvement of these strategies now injured with the region single market could benefit some of these former European economies.

The debt gaps from Eastern European gives in and out on why the issue of domestic strength raised by Porter may not easily be achieved without Government policy and Government control, may not be achieved without tampering from external market but nowhere confined to Government consensus such as Washington’s, and not entirely opposed to Beijing Consensus who cannot occupy the leadership position of world markets given the level of their overall transition to capitalism; money for money sake, profit determined by the markets or exchange of goods or price as function of the markets.

 Inflation and inflationary pressure accompany heavy Foreign Direct Investment, the total amount of foreign currencies entering a new capitalizing market usually break the back of small and pedestal local rate of return, it manufactures reasons why there the bigger and more powerful economy leaning on the boundary or trans-border economy achieves new challenges and with the Shadow banking ever present with special privileges, there is a shift to Real Estate buttressed by the inflation adjusted Government Bond. Banks empower a healthy bicameral. 

   
 We might use the same process to show that the author, Professor Stiglitz hints on International markets, with Asia and the rest of Europe, that we “Consider the so-called Trans-Pacific Partnership, a proposed free-trade agreement among the U.S., Japan, and several other Asian countries—which excludes China altogether. It is seen by many as a way to tighten the links between the U.S. and certain Asian countries, at the expense of links with China.

There is a vast and dynamic Asia supply chain, with goods moving around the region during different stages of production; the Trans-Pacific Partnership looks like an attempt to cut China out of this supply chain.” But this not the case, nowhere confined to the case and to a large extent….

The Moratorium for International financing initiated by Henry Kramer of Stein school of Business, which told from the pages of Obama Banks and the financial regulations from 2008 financial collapse, is a situation that is angst against the shadow of financial practice and leading practices to investors to the ends of economic investment, with investment from Internal Specie Banks such as IMF and the World Bank which are directly owned as if private owned by multinational bank corporation. 

American Banks until lately were not reasons too clear stipulated by the New Deal on the 30’ and of 42’s, would authorize American Banks to participate in International lending without penetration of these U.S banks. Although these banks evaded these Seagull Act, some of their actions were public reasons for world be investors to take canvass on the landscape of American Business practices.

What was common to Japan, to Europe following the formative IMF was permissible in the Americans. But until lately, these practices have remained the corner stone of many economic nations, especially in the aftermath of Bretton Woods.

The temptations to master the economic triumphs of the world during and after Bretton woods is no doubt serious, for many reasons, 1, that the price allocation to product during for instance the WWI and WWII years, and following the recommendations by Bernanke, that the promotion of national products during WWII such as Car productions in Detroit was a misleading economic indicia and fostered a misplaced sense of prosperity which the Bretton Woods distorted differently and which lasted till 1971 within the compromise of erasing of gold from currency.

The surpluses of foreign trade in 1971 and the sufficient reasons for the market under international composition such as free trade in Uruguay may not be factored in, but it needs not be discounted to come to grasp with the story of modern information and why.


We clarify that Stiglitz (6) “Yet another example: when China, together with France and other countries—supported by an International Commission of Experts appointed by the president of the U.N., which I chaired—suggested that we finish the work that Keynes had started at Bretton Woods, by creating an international reserve currency, the U.S. blocked the effort.”  - An argument, but with Glass and Steagull as one the reasons why the Bretton Wood accords did not go far enough into U.S, especially the role America played in rebuilding Europe after WWII – in spite of the Marshall Plans which was not necessarily by the Monroe Doctrine -, with the more demanding facts of U.S Treasury and the Paul Volcker’s attitude to misplaced European financial market, to its lending practices and its ability to reign some profits in the United States under the new banners of European Free trade agreement, and with sparing on the ability of European banks to place baits in the United States – investments, risk and bonds which was bicameral to Europe - the bias on currency basket was essentially a controlling factor in removing gold from world standards and U.S currency opening up the Uruguay round table.

In the world and at least between 1971 and the end of times of Bretton woods, the rise of European Free trade agreement and the moratorium on overnight lending between London based banks and those of United States – especially in London as point of embarkation of these wired transaction and Chicago, the ability of Europe to corner U.S industries was quite profound.

These experiments in U.S, between European banks and those of Asia, between Sovereign wealth in Asia and several parts of North America, and the International markets were new world markets and order that was significantly lenient on debt, free trade agreement and regional policies. A motivation that ended the currency basket for International Markets, and a motivation that led to single currency consideration and motivation, was a gravity so appealing that the factors that affected one action in the 1970’s could not in anywhere be considered a parallel factor leading to the creation of European single currency. 

With the prospect of the Foreign Reserve corporation and the role of U.S Banks in gifting America a single Super power position since the 70’s and in fact since the Vietnam wars, the opening of the American economy to the rest of world enjoyed new levels, gave Japan a boost of unprecedented proportions, mainly due to the sufficient opulence of American industries and its disbursed interest in dollar single motor. 

In mere light of the promising interest of a struggling economy such India and such as Singapore, both of whom were witnesses at the changes that were apparent in Europe and for all the right reasons in Asia when International Companies made their day, the problems of transfer of wealth and the creation of new economies in Europe was expected to have easily faulted given the age of the economy, and the promises that even the stability pact held for new-comers in the economy may or may not have compared with the successes in the world, economy, leading to the rise of the dollars as a replacement for any such baskets which was not transferable to regional market and premise of single currency – at least in Europe but sparing with ECOWAS.  
  
In spite of the questions of quantity and the foreboding percentage of International trade and reserve receipts of Central Banks to National GDP, it may seem gradually useful to compare these changes in the national reserve rate to the power of central banks in controlling the economy – or any economy, and that power can also be compared to the general expectation of world markets and financial markets around the world, to a point at least the rate of growth to reserve should fluctuate with cycles event to the least 3 months or at least a standard year on year, that a 10% reserve rate for United States or any country should correspond to the rate of economic growth. Perhaps a function of reserve rate to the national GDP reverts to the diffusion and inflation rate, which in turn recognizes quantity of money and the discipline of Fund’s rate.

A parity is easily achieved through crude oil but when there is more reserve rate in any economy and power of banks reduced to quantity of money, the old arguments about the quantity of money and M1-M4, applies to the unforeseen consequences of having an economy that was largely controlled by Banks. If in rear light that we put the recent problems of economic consequences of Greece debt into the orbit of world markets, compared either Spain or its entrenched penetration into U.S and Mexico by proxy, you discover that GDP shift has more than improved the outlook of Spain to Greece and to the rest of Europe. 

It does not mean that Spain is out of the picture as we speak, does not mean that the unemployment rate in Spain is not within the same level as Greece and perhaps Cyprus, but measures the rate at which ECB and Federal Reserve Banks both in China and in the United States can have effects in the economy, why their central role in reserve should be reduced to a baring possibility and how the gap between Federal Reserve and Major Real estate cartels and private investors will reflect badly on the overall economy. 

We might still looking at the economic conditions of 1971, we might still be looking at some of the applied assumptions of stress test or strain on any market, we may gradually yield to the gap that the more bigger corporation acting in the interesting in the economy finds itself between U.S Central and the earnings growth, the greater the gulf between private citizens of several sizes and several meaning, and still greater the size of problems of the U.S economy whose tendency to over-valued currency will remain inevitable.

ECB’s emphasis on European economy, and its domination from its inception as a public authority adds to this issue, that the only way forward was not the saturated banks in Europe to maintain their course, that utility and structural spending was a receipt for the future and above all, it amounted to control of economy by the few whose wealth and debt compare to some extent with the national GDP and debt.

Europe therefore will not likely survive with without alternative discipline to wealth accumulation and policy, one of which is the policy of retention and development as it affects the rest of broad market.  In all, it seem to compare to a near extent that even China in all its resources tethers on the brink of sudden decline which may sack the confidence it has borrowed from the dispersion of a suppressed cultural value asset to a wonder market in the world. 

Yet the brilliance of the labor and production based economy cannot be considered an exaggeration, since the tendency of organizing a national relief effort betrays the questions of allocation which cannot be sustained by the sentiment of patriotism as from ‘national humiliation’, for so it seems, that the rate at which the China has spurn the wealth from national savings and from private individuals accounts, maintains that the Reserve Banks in China retains up to 20% of its GDP.

It may seem that such discipline is the best attitude to this kind of process with view of inflation and that since 1971 when China began to reassert its influences in the world, we can clearly state that it has changed its currency for at least 13 times, some of it where fluctuating between a 2 Renmibi to a dollar in the early 80’s to the collapse of the currency to 13 to 1 rate, gradually the case from 1998.

At the inception of China to world markets – in their own terms – the role of its Reserve Banks has never more significant, especially when there are material reasons to suppose that 10% unemployment as a way to float the economy away from gluts – efficiency and labor glut – does not ameliorate the size of wealth at the hands of its Reserve banks, for at least lack of structural value of China’s financial corporation in the 1980s for some of us who have a near idea of it all, to the lack of bank structures and investment in the 90s when as some of us are aware that obtaining a credit for a 38 story building in Shanghai required a long tenuous process that ended in the fact that the building was not yours or can be re-possessed by the Government whereas the Banks – especially the Reserve banks did not hold that much control of China and its provincial resources. 

For all intent, a shift from production and intelligent consideration any broad market and economy to mainly real estate – especially expensive real estate in spite of toleration for household management and the basic economic demand driven incentive, the borrowing power of the big banks considered too big to fail and in reliquary the recent commissions for U.S banks to the health of the credit in these countries and why, establishes at least for now why there is such a demand curve for its market when in reality it is no- where near the standard it maintained even at the recent times.

We have some blood on comparison between the old category of economy and its real, the structure of its economy and financial literacy and what happens when the Central banks or Reserve Banks play more than 5% role in the navigating the rest of the economy. It seems that even we place the divergence and convergence conversion theme of any the economic conditions, these conditions is within meaning if rate – no less domestic numbers are bound and tied to a separate rate no less domestic or with animus foreign dominatrix. 

A miracle can be performed when there is copulation between two economies in the world such as the United States and Japan, where Japan decoupled U.S transaction guarantee under the bantam of GARIFF and the supply of system of auto industries with arcana of crude oil consumption which proved its elasticity at the end of the Shah’s administration in 1979, and under the promise of long term investment interest and comfort of penetrating U.S market – real estate – the notion that Japanese Banks were less in control of their finances as with U.S show the rate at which the economy can over-heat and over-value without climax. 
  
It is meaning perhaps, to measure the strength of any economy through the stability of its markets, that is to suggest that the stress test given to U.S bank in recent time by former fed chairman was not as explicit as the measure of economy through markets, and banks and their balance as a final stress of the economy given the debt and rewards, its balance sheet, and how well it is able to spinoff assets and new reserve levels when acted upon by the federal reserve or a central bank. We are certain that the markets play a role in understanding economic strength, the polarity between economic strength and power and the poise for new growth do not account for the Laffer’s observation of the effects of spending and the digestive processes. 

It looks to suggest that the health of a credit in one economy is perhaps a figure of FICO diagnostic prone to speculation and false assessment given the number of new savings and number of citizens and private investors seeking new life of investment and portfolio from any bank.

It is here we can add that when Banks control more than 10% of a nation’s overall resources year to year, the country should consider reducing the burden these banks and financial institution play, consider primitive methods such as sustained disclosure on the spending part of its industries as with the hugely neglected Welfare, to a point that it should consider mounting some measure of pressure towards destabilizing the control measures in its system.

 We consider the concerns of early capitalism in the context of strange of ‘central planning’ evident of which was the generality of their impact in either the moratorium of the nation’s economy –away from private citizens- or in the case with Europe, the largee effect of having property and wealth centralized in the hands of a tiny few.

Historically, to the land of oldest financial empires and at light of historical popularity of Babylon – the lands of Nebuchadnezzar – the rise of power and new financial types challenging in Babylon and their landed gentry posed some challenge to others in Near East – Egypt for a start – but it was the stigma of few over the many and the conscription of the very few over the many that gave birth and foresaw death for new economic development.

When there are measures of economy along the markets, and when there is market creating new ventures and new path for others, we can understand the chances for longer term development is an elasticity that cannot succumb to the point of the pressure from price and other ventures.

Approached from the rear, we insist that the rise of central in handling the affairs of any economy as they are supposed to do, especially when the resources are reaching the Reserve at a mitigating rate of even say 10% for reasons for explained, we can carefully document that the Banks and the government are reaching the apex, that the shift going will be mainly structural, and that structural is mainly a long view with short bias, it is an economy of that of the few managed by the rich few with mere interest of profits but these profits are so localized that mathematically, a symptom of early spirits of entrepreneur and the consequence of early capitalism that bedeviled Europe in the 19th and 20th century.

The central theme of labor is no longer a central measure of economic resurgence at this point, that employment when studied well and well enough is no longer a true measure of economic health and the job market and its rewards takes different steps from the old and therefore of the a controlling influence.

Even if we can argue that such economies are usually planned by the competent few, they historically become dangerous in attempting to determine what is good for others and in all reality, it is an experiment of what is good for the provider – first and fair early in the pyramid of profit, a psychology of consideration of money management and a process of actuation – insurance etc., that is answerable to self-preservation to a long term investment which create the iron vintage for wage control given the employment of workers and pay package. 

In other to retain the workers, these few owners may or will maintain their control through attractive options and promotion, but in the end, the workers of all lenity will never meet household obligations and private needs, may never meet the case load of the employer, may not survive the competition or the market, let alone surpass the company which the aim of free market. It lends here this easy consideration that the well planned economic conditions usually favor credit health of private earners – with or without torching the issue of the distribution.

 For this reason distribution takes a central place in the course of public excitation of investments and choice, redistribution may require the august pretension of central planning. In all, the resistance that such markets can mount to the dynamics of chance is a well-studied economic balance sheet problem, for when there is a strangle hold such as saturation of banks and gluts in terms of savings and option, there is a shift to the internal decay.

In this case, the issue of wealth management, sometimes well managed by experience and with competence reduces pressure to maintain the statuesque when there are betters ways of making money, and in the end, as become most economies of the world  and in this case United States, the banks – the treasury and its bank – the Reserve, may exercise more control than necessary, may induce the markets to the general health of credit but may push the bottom on real estate and control of the economy to the economic center thereby strangling the economy – perhaps with knowing it – even at 1% fund’s rate. 

We cannot therefore fail to harvest this fact that the primary situation of current economic conditions in U.S., and the easy damage of the financial franchise may state the case clearly and better, that over centralized weight of system dynamic usually tows the line of rational expectation with the premia of risk controlled without free market influence, performs the same function as all centralized wealth functions and body in the world, perhaps above all, it measures the rate at which the society deals with expectations as part of its rational requirement – deep in the intellectual health of the society.

 This suffers perhaps one of the most critical problems of heavy weight financial car pool and controlling influences of any economy, and this is the case is with expectations meeting for economic cycles, which can prove a problem for price where ‘central planners’ attempt control price escalation and end up playing into the problems of wage control and garnishment, and above all communist driven political understanding. 

It does not end here, it compares everywhere the fact that economic cycles are central to other factors in market when money is trapped in its own institutional cycles, it offers to protection and restrain to bad phases in the market which sometimes awake the reality of human psychology and spending, that spiral, once elated, spins out of control and in any financial case, it heads downwards. 

It may seem that the premise of locally managed economies of the world leads to the re-awakening of moral reality and opening new ways or countering of unfavorable economic cycles in a term periods – perhaps 6 years for the health of any market in the world is an economic cycle what considering – that a year to year budget experiences its down turns, that the economist plans ahead of these cycles in his or her fiscal budget and meeting half of it the expectation is more than enough to ensure future growth and healthy return rate.

This is not the end of the consideration and hardly ever the case, for real, the tendency to a market and its guiding spirit is the momentum that is evident in such market. A trader is concerned about what for instance is heading north or selling in poor light of everyday market, whereas others may concern themselves with the north bound stock of real flow, most traders are also concerned about the south bound stock for real. 

Each has an attitude that is equal to expectation and cycles, but between all holidays and its 8 percent spike in profit and deducted incentive in earning from sales and prices is the reality of earning’s rate, quarterly statement and the year to year expression of the balance sheet. This is where transition takes place, which is how well we can engage an efficient market portfolio without land of control resources and bank populating its finances and draw of investment from money well spent.    

The issue of consideration for instance in the 1970’s U.S, retained a little less than 5% of the overall GDP but the late 80’s commanded well over 10% overall of U.S earnings thereby increasingly the role of Banks in running the economy without the future consideration that the MSEs, Sallie and Fannie Mae, will decide the fate of housing and real estate, creating stress on the health of U.S economy, especially in real estate dominating majority of its production economy shifting ever-closer to premature arrest of growth and the economic development and its prolix for decay, which is a cycle of at least 59 years for a start but could falter in less than 6 years given the resistance level of the useful income bracket.  

In India for example, we consider the role RBI; Reserve Bank of India, the restructure of Regional Rural Bank of India; RRBI, and CRAR. We also consider the demands of the merged entities with direct focus on reform, and the Problem of Dual Control in Co-operative Banking and the role of ‘The Institute for Development and Research in Banking Technology (IDRBT)’, and from the analysis, the committee that concerned with the transiting from heavy equipment to lighter ones and the roles of new Banks both public and private, were engaged in the same exercise and for the same reasons as the Banks mentioned. 

And where also concerned with Banks with Negative Net Worth, that the for instance the role of UCB at the formative 1950’s and 60’s of new Zones, were expected to end when there is a case of Negative net worth or in principle, Banks that were considered too Big to Fail were delimited with the assumption of responsible towards profit and Banks with negative returns rate by Reserve Bank of India, and with the intractable problems of rural conflict and other institutions which refuse changes.
Some of the modified changes included (1) Low Reserve Base (2) High Dependence on refinancing (3) lack of diversification (4) huge accumulated loss (5) Persistent non-performing assets (6) Low recovery levels (7) Organizational weakness. The main point is that the emphasis on Industry is a special territory is expected to be coincidental with Rural Co-operative Credit Institutions, in forming a structure that a stage level. That is a stage level of not a requirement of the ombudsman and due diligence officers, who independently takes statistical accounting and complaints of measure of complain with the Industries and the Banks, and represent the right and interest of consumers and investors in a competitive economic environment. 

The more important reason for creating these credit based institutions, was to permit mutual funds with existing Insurance Companies, with the Government backed-savings schemes, and other forms of National Savings Scheme (NSS), or Bonds provided by the RBI and other Industries that are interested Long-term Investment. The trick is that the investors in the areas of the SEZs will be permitted to sort their opportunities through a self-critical certification group and through Long-term options that had the backing of the Government.  

The other issues of the Volatility of Mutual Funds as we know that have a way to shocking the market or testing the investor confidence since money from Banks at near zero to Stock market is usually indicative of the STRESS level of the market and the Federal Reserve. What the RBI did also was to suspend the flipping of property, which is a form of regulation that is driven by Credit based economies such as Texas or in some areas of United States including, North Carolina, only a certain level short term mortgage is permissible. Proof of that was the amount of money banks generally permit you to put down for a house as opposed to buying Apartment. 

The moral Hiatus is that cheap houses attract investors comfortable with long term investment and therefore growth should correlate Internal Rate of Return which in this case is the rate of Investment. The temptations associated with this sort of arrangement is that migrants from a different system dynamic have a Cycle of less 16 months to survive, and in terms of Houses, many of the City or Urban Dwellers usually face sterility of house value following a period of time, some of them damage over time and without repair, the sink the neighborhood a new and deadly cycle.

In fact, without short term bias of flipping as Secularized level, houses will not easily correlate production which is not exactly manufacturing. What happens in any areas there is revival driven by individual rates rather markets rates, we find for instance a short redemption of property class from what is available for instance, in North Carolina most expensive Real Estates of Durham is within miles of the probably worst and unkempt real estate in the State.  The argument borrowed from New York where securities of major companies are bought and sold at whims, the flipping of houses assumes a market rate, to the point that a house that would what half the price in Carolina will appreciate to an estimable level within a 9 year cycle or presidential two terms. 

In these areas, or assuming that New York failed to engineer an Internal Rate of Return as gifted successes its subways indicates, which delivers in close a million clients from point of the Interlocked City within days or a week, the City will not simply crumble on the weight of high, inadequate, over-bearing and over-priced houses. The fact of Internal Rate of Returns with assumptions of a City of Medicine for instance or a City of Motor Cars for instance, should widens its yield curve if without the Chief product it can generally generate money within its demand and supply.   
            

In other to widen the argument, R.B.I “As the lender of the last resort, the RBI helps the commercial banks in temporary need of cash when other sources of raising cash are exhausted. The RBI provides credit to banks by re-discounting eligibility bills of exchange and by making advances against eligibility securities such as government securities. The lending rate for these advances by the RBI is called Bank rate which is a traditional weapon of control money supply. An increase in the bank rate would discourage commercial banks to borrow from the RBI and a corresponding increase in the lending of rate of commercial banks to general public would decrease public borrowings from banks.”










Friday, January 8, 2016

Peter Medawar as a Nobel Prize winner and Histones





By

Sampson Onwuka


Off commentary on the life and times of Peter Medawar as a Nobel Prize winner in Physiology, describes him, thus, Peter Medawar (England) “....did the basic research which brought to light the problems of tissue and organ transplant techniques and immunology – in 1967 – discovered acquired immune tolerance factors that oppose tissue transplant.”


This fetched him the Nobel Prize but also a lasting standard on the comparing the blood types of English patient, there was the limiting issue of infection which was later resolved in America through the demonstration that Histones or Methionine which penetrate blood cells and ease the transfer of blood types, inhibit the penetration of some of the bacteria, in many ways than the one, the presence of Histones which can replace Arginine in the chain of Amino Acids, rich in the three layers in lysine and in the third Cytosine, are mainly and directly responsible for some of the differences between Hemophiliacs derived from parents and Hemophiliacs resulting from an Influenza, for all its intent of purpose and use we can show that the passaging of some of the blood from the blood cells of some of only leads to what is true, that mainly all viruses tiny enough – even at the absence of histamine that penetrate through some cells – are viruses capable of surviving on their own. In the blood types and the competitive K-ishizaka (U.S) discovered gamma globulin E (IgE), which also present at some level in serum? Serum makes its clear…..


There other foundations of Biology and medicine that are important, used in part by Peter Deusberg in his arguments against Gallo and Montagnier that viruses capable of causing epidemic should be new viruses – set in order of Koch – where the theory was also placed in different in terms of (Farr) on the veracity of a New Virus. 




The relationship may therefore be limited to other factors such as the ability of the Chimp to produce the Sailic Acids, an agent that may have resulted from other genes lacking in the Chimps body as opposed to the primary roles of the Sailic Acid in the body - perhaps regarding the respiratory system given the production of mucous membrane, all of which may or may not be reduced to the 450 missing total genetic information separating Chimps from Human which influence attitude of the body to foreign invention and the regularity of the body's removal of blood from the system.


Some these genes in Humans may be sugars and acids that are available in humans and not in other creatures. But since it is the rooted in the structure of the Chromosome, that is its productive side, it can be said that the basic structure of these Chimps with due respect to Y chromosomes is from it’s probably origins dissimilar from that of the humans.


In essence, a human beings may lack the ability to produce these sugars which suggest a kind of subduction or descent and not nearly ‘ascent’ as in the man, a lower construct if does exist will be a comparison to Human’s closest and richest genetic information reservoir, the Black Male. The African Male/males


We point to an example of the popularity of an idea that has no foundation in biology, that as much as Peter Medawar proved beyond reasonable doubt that some infection do occur during transplanting a part of an animal to another, but he limited his ‘Art of the Soluble’ to immunology of the two comparable set of creatures, that the blood types of any-one willing to receive a new body part from a donor should at least in principle be comparable. That what was killing patients in England was the general oversight of the blood types, a theme that is not far from enzymes from DNA and molecular arrangement of nucleotides, assumes to be correct in so far as the blood types and groups of Chimpanzees are different from humans and in many ways, the plasma may contaminate but in so far as the promiscuous origins of new virus from seemingly mutant and dormant bacteria, the process is generally a-biological.



While we may indicate that the whole statement raised by these experts are true, they are true to the extent that the body could easily adjust to changes in the body and in the environment if and when the exposure to the system do no prove fatal. It is taken that these viruses capable of destroying the body in slow or speed motive are doing so for many reasons including that the body and CD4 cannot keep up. 


However there is no going that HIV is an infectious disease in keeping to Deusberg and in Order of Farrs - HIV viruses do not meet the criteria for infection, adding that the virus is considered a retrovirus essentially to the careers of Gallo, Baltimore, and Montaigne, whereas retrovirus and the reverse transcription of RNA to DNA and DNA to RNA through an enzyme, means that HIV could have been the reasons for AIDS as according to Deusberg, but in all, shows that the total damage that the body can sustain is sufficient to satisfy its healing and its cure so long the exposure does not directly and indirectly kill the system composed mainly of active cells.


For that, there are chances that the bi-product of the human body which are physical and which separate us from each other, can traces of the returning few months and carry viruses and bacteria that the body pushing out.


In practice, the total amount viruses and diseases that can exist the body or at least circulating within a given community may be considered relatively comparative to the amount of human activity in this period, may remain within the comparative ration until unusual activity such as industrial expansion or disease bearing animals not familiar with an environment and ecosystem interferes, then there is event horizon. 


From the levels of the DNA philosophy and the ordering knowledge of the Sciences available to us today, there is no question that it is a mistake to view without reason or even without books, that a certain virus could possibly exist somewhere in the Universe that do not have the basic DNA familiar to mammals, that do not have a basic structure that can be understood and tampered it, and can be used in experimental isolation of several key minerals in the body or in the body of the animals which they came from.


For instance, a Histone and Histamines are minerals based Enzymes that can be extracted from Birds and Calf as well. Histones are found in the Calf Thymus and in Spleen and Liver of bovine mammals, but in all, they can also be found in the Spermatozoa of these Bovine creatures.


Between the Thymus of Calf and its Spermatozoa is one product that are found the in the mucosa intestine, will not propelled a connection between Thymus and Spermatozoa, ready-make the answer the secret of mammalian existence in the final product or Spermatozoa. We seem common that a different exist between the HIV and HLTV viruses given the structure of their heads in the aspects of the protein that enucleate these viruses. The helical difference between these two viruses and the part of the wine…


That the human body, by some means manages to regulate itself through signals towards the release of enzymes, which from the Age of his writing and even now, leans towards digestive system. The connection of poor performance of the Pancreatic juice is not unrelated to Insulin, which he created to have argued as responsible for ‘diabetes mellitus’ or cancer of the insulin.


A measure of his theories about the body and its regulating ability is in the of Science known to more concerned to the role of Chromosome 5, the Chromosome that enables that body to regulate itself through the adaptive mechanism of the nasal which connects to the ear membranes where the major sources of Cold Air for instance are usually passed from the external to the internal.


The explicit role of the ‘Histamine and the Tubermo Nucleus’ (Myron Scholes) in managing the brain (hypothalamus) reaction to temperature towards the release of enzymes in the body, has been extended to the areas of Alzheimer and Schizophrenia, with view that the changes that take in human brain may be due to internal factors other diseases which was initially argued as hereditary.

The aspect of histamine and the association of histamine to fever and influenza (flu) now elaborates on the works of Bernard but clarifies the role of the RNA proteins in exchange of information between the brain the current temperature of human body, that it is entirely possible to catch cold from freezing largely due to the body’s ability to relay as much information through the hypothalamus towards a defense system which can be altered even without foreign elements.